Researchers zeroed in on women with a history of non-melanoma skin cancer (such as basal or squamous cell cancers) enrolled in the Women’s Health Initiative, a large clinical trial involving 36,282 postmenopausal women who received either placebo or 400 international units of vitamin D and 1,000 milligrams of calcium carbonate per day.

“In preventive medicine, we want to target people most at risk for the disease,” said dermatologist Jean Tang, MD, PhD, lead author of the study in a university report. “If you previously had a non-melanoma skin cancer, calcium plus vitamin D might reduce your risk of the more deadly melanoma.”

But the supplements didn’t help everyone. Study data show melanomas were detected in about as many women without a history of non-melanoma skin cancer who took the supplements as in their placebo-group counterparts.

The study was published online on June 27 in the Journal of Clinical Oncology.

Can Vitamin D and Calcium Help Prevent Skin Cancer? The Saturday Evening Post

Dorothy,

Pocatello, Idaho

Don’t give up soy and flax yet! While it’s true that estrogen can increase cancer risk—especially when abnormal cells have “docking stations” (called receptors) for the powerful hormone—the estrogen-like compounds in soy and flax may actually provide health benefits. Post advisor Dr. Walter Willett, chairman of the Department of Nutrition at the Harvard School of Public Health, explains:

“Soybeans and flaxseed contain phytoestrogens, which react with the same receptors as estrogen from ovarian or fat tissue. Phytoestrogens, which are sometimes called ‘plant hormones,’ may have estrogen-like effects. However, they trigger a far weaker response than do the estrogens produced by the body. In fact, consuming soy and flax may prevent stronger-acting estrogens from binding to the receptor sites and produce an overall antiestrogenic effect, similar to the way tamoxifen, a breast cancer drug, works.

“The potential benefit has caused many to question whether the high soy consumption in Asian populations contributes to the low breast cancer rates in those countries. Although studies have not been conclusive, some of the data suggest increasing soy intake during adolescence or early adulthood may decrease cancer risk. Alternatively, studies do not show a direct correlation between high soy consumption and the risk of breast cancer.

“While I wouldn’t recommend loading up on large amounts of flax, tofu, soy milk, and other soy products, I don’t think it’s necessary to completely avoid them. Stay away from phytoestrogen supplements, though. They may increase your consumption too much. Instead, focus on staying lean and physically active to reduce body fat, which is a major source of estrogens. And of course, schedule regular checkups with your physician to discuss treatment options and answer any questions that may arise.”

Of the foods that Americans eat, soy and flax have the highest content of phytoestrogens. Other sources (with lesser amounts) include: sesame seeds, wheat, berries, oats, barley, dried beans, lentils, yams, rice, alfalfa, mung beans, apples, carrots, pomegranates, and wheat germ.

Soy, Flax, and Breast Cancer The Saturday Evening Post